Öz
China, which has made a major economic breakthrough, has become one of the most important actors in international politics by increasing its military power in recent years. China's increasing power and influence in the international arena arouses increasing curiosity about the country's foreign policy. With Xi Jinping becoming president, China began to display a more assertive attitude or behavior on many issues. This study basically seeks an answer to the question of what differences Xi Jinping brought to Chinese foreign policy. What kind of changes do these differences lead to in Chinese foreign policy? In this study, the general tendencies and directions of Chinese foreign policy during the Xi Jinping period are discussed. The assertive foreign policy approach that Xi Jinping is trying to implement is analyzed. In this context, the visions of "Chinese dream", "new type of great power relations", "new type of international relations", “Belt and Road Initiative" and "a community with a common future for humanity", which reflect Xi's assertive foreign policy approach, are examined. At the same time, challenges to the assertive foreign policy implemented under Xi Jinping are discussed. The study mainly questions the extent to which Xi Jinping's assertive foreign policy approach is successful. The study concludes that Xi Jinping's active foreign policy approach has not increased China's sphere of influence in the international arena to the extent expected. As China becomes more visible in the international arena, the country's foreign policy challenges seem to be increasing.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Xi Jinping Chinese Foreign Policy Assertive Foreign Policy New Global Visions
Proje Numarası
Proje Kapsamında hazırlanmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Bader, J. A. (2016). How Xi Jinping Sees the World … and Why. Asia Working Group Paper 2. Washington: Brookings.
- Baviera, A. S. P. (2016). China’s strategic foreign initiatives under Xi Jinping, China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 2(1), 57-79. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740016500032
- Benvenuti, A., Chung, C., Khoo, N., & Tan, A. (2022). China’s Foreign Policy The Emergence of a Great Power. New York: Routledge.
- Cuesta, L. B. (2021). China’s foreign policy and the community of shared future. Opinion Paper, IEEE.
- Deng, Y. (2022). China’s Strategic Opportunity Change and Revisionism in Chinese Foreign Policy. Cambridge University Press.
- Dittmer, L. (2017). Foreword. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (pp. XI-XVI). New York: Routledge.
- Feng, Z. (2019). The Xi Jinping doctrine of China’s international relations, Asia Policy, 14(3), 7-24.
- Freeman, C. W. (2020). China national experience and the evolution of PRC grand strategy, D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (pp. 37-60). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Global Times (2014). Xi eyes more enabling int'l environment for China's peaceful development, Global Times, 30.11.2014. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/894240, (29.03.2023).
- Godement, F. (2013). Xi Jinping’s China, European Council on Foreign Relations, 1-8.
- Goldstein, A. (2020). China’s grans strategy under Xi Jinping. International Security, 45(1), 164-201. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00383.
- Gyu, L. D. (2022). Xi Jinping’s third term, the outlook for China’s domestic and foreign policy, and south Korea’s response, The Asian Institute for Policy Studies, 10, 1-4.
- Haenle, P. (2020), What the coronavirus means for China’s foreign policy, Carnege Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/11/what-coronavirus-means-for-china-s-foreign-policy-pub-81259, (21.03.2023).
- He, K. & Feng, H. (2013). Xi Jinping’s operational code beliefs and China’s foreign policy, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 6, 209-231, doi:10.1093/cjip/pot010.
- Hudson, V. M. & Benjamin S. (2020). Foreign Policy Analysis. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Jakobson, L. & Manuel, R. (2016). How are foreign policy decisions made in China?, Asia & The Pacific Policy Studies, 3(1), 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.121.
- Keith, R. C. (2018). Deng Xiaoping and China’s Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge.
- Kırımlı, C. K. (2023). Çin Mucizesinin Sonu mu?, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post-covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-022-00266-2.
- Lanteigne, M. (2020). Chinese Foreign Policy an Introduction. Fourth Ed. New York: Routledge.
- Lincot, E. (2019). China and its foreign policy, Asia focus, Asia program, The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs, 1-11.
- Liu, M. C., Wu, Po K., & Wu, C. H. (2021). China’s foreign policy under Xi -reappraisal of China’s partnership diplomacy, A. Ding & J. P. Panda (Eds.), Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping (pp.191-211). New York: Routledge.
- Panda, J. P. & Ding, A. S. (2021). Xi Jinping, the ‘Peking Order’ and China’s post-COVID-19 political trajectory: a primer, A. Ding & J. P. Panda (Eds.), Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping (pp. 1-22). New York: Routledge.
- Pradt, T. (2016). China’s new foreign policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Rolland, N. (2020). China’s vision for a new world order. The National Bureau of Asian Research. NBR Special Report.
- Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (pp. 3-24). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Singh, P. K. (2023). Xi Jinping’s ‘Chinese Dream’ China’s renewed foreign and security policy. New York: Routledge.
- Song, W. and Ai W. (2023). China’s Vision for a Future World Order and Its Implications for Global Governance. F. Attina and Y. Feng (Ed.). China and World Politics in Transition. (13-30). Springer.
- Sun, J. (2021). Red chamber, world dream: Actors, audience, and agendas in Chinese doreign policy and beyond. University of Michigan Press.
- Tome, L. (2021). The Grand Strategy of Xi Jinping’s China: Goals, Comprehensive National Power and Policies. Relaçoes Internacionais, 105-132.
- Turcsanyi, R. Q. (2018). Chinese Assertiveness in the South China Sea. Springer.
- Wang, S. (2017). Xi Jinping’s Centralisation of Chinese Foreign Policy Decision-Making Power, East Asian Policy, 34-42.
- Wendt, A. (1995). Constructing International Politics. International Security, 20(1), 71-81.
- Wendt, A. (2003). Social Theory of International Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Xi, J. (2017). Çin’in Yönetimi, İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
- Yan, X. (2014), From Keeping a Low Profile to Striving for Achievement, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7, 153-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pou027.
- Zeng, J. (2020). Slogan Politics. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Zhang, J. (2015). China’s new foreign policy under Xi Jinping: Toward ‘Peaceful Rise 2.0’?, Global Change, Peace & Security, 27(1), 5-19, https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2015.993958.
- Zhang, Q. (2015). Harmonising the Management of Foreign and Domestic Affairs in Chinese Foreign Policy, B. Shao (Ed.) China in the World (pp. 143-166). Boston: Brill.
Öz
Büyük bir ekonomik atılım gerçekleştiren Çin, son yıllarda askeri gücünü de arttırarak uluslararası politikanın en önemli aktörlerinden biri haline geldi. Çin’in uluslararası arenada artan gücü ve etkisi, ülkenin dış politikasına yönelik giderek artan bir merak uyandırmaktadır. Xi Jinping’in devlet başkanı olmasıyla birlikte Çin birçok konuda daha iddialı bir tutum veya davranış sergilemeye başladı. Bu çalışmada Xi Jinping dönemi Çin dış politikasının genel eğilim ve yönelimleri ele alınmaktadır. Xi Jinping yürütmeye çalıştığı iddialı dış politika anlayışı analiz edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede Xi’nin iddialı dış politika anlayışını yansıtan “Çin rüyası”, “yeni türde büyük güç ilişkileri”, “yeni türde uluslararası ilişkiler”, “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi” ve “insanlık için ortak bir geleceğe sahip bir topluluk” gibi vizyonlar incelenmektedir. Aynı zamanda Xi Jinping döneminde uygulanan iddialı dış politikaya yönelik meydan okumalar tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada esas olarak Xi Jinping’in iddialı dış politika anlayışının ne ölçüde başarılı olduğu sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışmada Xi Jinping’in aktif dış politika anlayışının Çin’in uluslararası arenadaki etki alanını beklenilen ölçüde arttırmadığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Çin uluslararası arenada görünür hale geldikçe ülkenin dış politikada karşılaştığı meydan okumaların da giderek artmakta olduğu görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Xi Jinping Çin Dış Politikası İddialı Dış Politika Yeni Küresel Vizyonlar
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm.
Destekleyen Kurum
Destekleyen herhangi bir kurum bulunmamaktadır.
Proje Numarası
Proje Kapsamında hazırlanmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Bader, J. A. (2016). How Xi Jinping Sees the World … and Why. Asia Working Group Paper 2. Washington: Brookings.
- Baviera, A. S. P. (2016). China’s strategic foreign initiatives under Xi Jinping, China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 2(1), 57-79. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740016500032
- Benvenuti, A., Chung, C., Khoo, N., & Tan, A. (2022). China’s Foreign Policy The Emergence of a Great Power. New York: Routledge.
- Cuesta, L. B. (2021). China’s foreign policy and the community of shared future. Opinion Paper, IEEE.
- Deng, Y. (2022). China’s Strategic Opportunity Change and Revisionism in Chinese Foreign Policy. Cambridge University Press.
- Dittmer, L. (2017). Foreword. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (pp. XI-XVI). New York: Routledge.
- Feng, Z. (2019). The Xi Jinping doctrine of China’s international relations, Asia Policy, 14(3), 7-24.
- Freeman, C. W. (2020). China national experience and the evolution of PRC grand strategy, D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (pp. 37-60). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Global Times (2014). Xi eyes more enabling int'l environment for China's peaceful development, Global Times, 30.11.2014. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/894240, (29.03.2023).
- Godement, F. (2013). Xi Jinping’s China, European Council on Foreign Relations, 1-8.
- Goldstein, A. (2020). China’s grans strategy under Xi Jinping. International Security, 45(1), 164-201. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00383.
- Gyu, L. D. (2022). Xi Jinping’s third term, the outlook for China’s domestic and foreign policy, and south Korea’s response, The Asian Institute for Policy Studies, 10, 1-4.
- Haenle, P. (2020), What the coronavirus means for China’s foreign policy, Carnege Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/11/what-coronavirus-means-for-china-s-foreign-policy-pub-81259, (21.03.2023).
- He, K. & Feng, H. (2013). Xi Jinping’s operational code beliefs and China’s foreign policy, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 6, 209-231, doi:10.1093/cjip/pot010.
- Hudson, V. M. & Benjamin S. (2020). Foreign Policy Analysis. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Jakobson, L. & Manuel, R. (2016). How are foreign policy decisions made in China?, Asia & The Pacific Policy Studies, 3(1), 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.121.
- Keith, R. C. (2018). Deng Xiaoping and China’s Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge.
- Kırımlı, C. K. (2023). Çin Mucizesinin Sonu mu?, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post-covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-022-00266-2.
- Lanteigne, M. (2020). Chinese Foreign Policy an Introduction. Fourth Ed. New York: Routledge.
- Lincot, E. (2019). China and its foreign policy, Asia focus, Asia program, The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs, 1-11.
- Liu, M. C., Wu, Po K., & Wu, C. H. (2021). China’s foreign policy under Xi -reappraisal of China’s partnership diplomacy, A. Ding & J. P. Panda (Eds.), Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping (pp.191-211). New York: Routledge.
- Panda, J. P. & Ding, A. S. (2021). Xi Jinping, the ‘Peking Order’ and China’s post-COVID-19 political trajectory: a primer, A. Ding & J. P. Panda (Eds.), Chinese Politics and Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping (pp. 1-22). New York: Routledge.
- Pradt, T. (2016). China’s new foreign policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Rolland, N. (2020). China’s vision for a new world order. The National Bureau of Asian Research. NBR Special Report.
- Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (pp. 3-24). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Singh, P. K. (2023). Xi Jinping’s ‘Chinese Dream’ China’s renewed foreign and security policy. New York: Routledge.
- Song, W. and Ai W. (2023). China’s Vision for a Future World Order and Its Implications for Global Governance. F. Attina and Y. Feng (Ed.). China and World Politics in Transition. (13-30). Springer.
- Sun, J. (2021). Red chamber, world dream: Actors, audience, and agendas in Chinese doreign policy and beyond. University of Michigan Press.
- Tome, L. (2021). The Grand Strategy of Xi Jinping’s China: Goals, Comprehensive National Power and Policies. Relaçoes Internacionais, 105-132.
- Turcsanyi, R. Q. (2018). Chinese Assertiveness in the South China Sea. Springer.
- Wang, S. (2017). Xi Jinping’s Centralisation of Chinese Foreign Policy Decision-Making Power, East Asian Policy, 34-42.
- Wendt, A. (1995). Constructing International Politics. International Security, 20(1), 71-81.
- Wendt, A. (2003). Social Theory of International Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Xi, J. (2017). Çin’in Yönetimi, İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
- Yan, X. (2014), From Keeping a Low Profile to Striving for Achievement, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7, 153-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pou027.
- Zeng, J. (2020). Slogan Politics. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Zhang, J. (2015). China’s new foreign policy under Xi Jinping: Toward ‘Peaceful Rise 2.0’?, Global Change, Peace & Security, 27(1), 5-19, https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2015.993958.
- Zhang, Q. (2015). Harmonising the Management of Foreign and Domestic Affairs in Chinese Foreign Policy, B. Shao (Ed.) China in the World (pp. 143-166). Boston: Brill.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uluslararası Siyaset |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Proje Kapsamında hazırlanmamıştır. |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 7 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Mart 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1 |
Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (AID) bilginin paylaşımı için Açık Erişim Politikasına uymaktadır.