Araştırma Makalesi
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Role of Perceived Intergroup Difference on Stereotype Content

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 183 - 195, 28.12.2022

Öz

People have a tendency to categorize others as ingroup or outgroup. Social psychology literature, attribute this distinction to similarity; people who are similar are thought to be ingroup and people who are different is thought to be outgroup. Similarly, people’s attitudes, perceptions and attributions towards others easily change depending on whether they are ingroup or outgroup. Moreover, studies investigating ethnic group relations showed that perceived intergroup difference is an important variable that influence stereotype content and other intercultural attitudes in European context. In this study, role of perceived intergroup difference on stereotype content is measured in a Turkish sample targeting three ethnic minorities (Circassian, Kurdish and Armenian). Results showed that, ethnic minorities studied in this paper, are definitely perceived differently from one another in terms of perceived intergroup difference. Turkish participants rated three ethnic groups as significantly different from themselves and also from one another. Moreover, there might be some credence to the idea of perceived intergroup difference having an influence on stereotype content since the outgroup that is rated as most similar (Circassian) was significantly rated higher on warmth and competence dimensions as compared to other outgroups.

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Anderson, B. (1995). Hayali cemaatler. (İ. Savaşır, Çev.) Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (Eds.) (2007). Encyclopedia of social psychology. SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253
  • Bourhis, R. Y., & Dayan, J. (2004). Acculturation orientations towards Israeli Arabs and Jewish immigrants in Israel. International Journal of Psychology, 39(2), 118-131.
  • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444.
  • Cerulo, K. (1997). Identity Construction: New Issues, New Directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 10(23), 385-409. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.385
  • Esses, V. M., Dovidio, J. F., Jackson, L. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (2001). The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 389-412.
  • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878-902.
  • Hagendoorn, L. (1993). Ethnic categorization and outgroup exclusion: Cultural values and social stereotypes in the construction of ethnic hierarchies. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 16(1), 26-51.
  • Haslam, A. S. (2001). Psychology in organizations - The social identity approach. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Lee, T. L., & Fiske S. T. (2006). Not an outgroup, not yet an ingroup: Immigrants in the stereotype content model. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 751-768.
  • Piontkowski, U., Rohmann, A., & Florack, A. (2002). Concordance of acculturation attitudes and perceived threat. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 5, 221- 232.
  • Robinson, W. P. (Eds.). (1996). Social Groups and Identities. Developing The Legacy of Henri Tajfel. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223(5): 96–102. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin; S. Worchel (eds.). The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 33–47.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel; W. G. Austin (eds.). Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall. pp. 7–24.
  • Van Osch, Y. M. J., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2011). Perceived intergroup differences as an organizing principle of intercultural attitudes and acculturation attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, doi:10.1177/0022022111407688.
  • Verkuyten, M. (2005). Ethnic group identification and group evaluation among minority and majority groups: Testing the multiculturalism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 121-138.
  • Verkuyten, M., Hagendoorn, L., & Masson, K. (1996). The ethnic hierarchy among majority and minority youth in the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1104-118.

Algılanan Gruplararası Farklılığın Kalıpyargı İçeriği Üzerindeki Rolü

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 183 - 195, 28.12.2022

Öz

İnsanlar, başkalarını iç grup veya dış grup olarak kategorize etme eğilimindedir. Sosyal psikoloji literatürü, bu ayrımı benzerliğe bağlar; birbirine benzeyen insanlar iç grup, farklı olanlar ise dış grup olarak düşünülür. Benzer şekilde, insanların başkalarına karşı tutumları, algıları ve yüklemeleri, iç grup veya dış grup olmalarına bağlı olarak kolayca değişir. Ayrıca, Avrupa’da yapılan etnik gruplar arası ilişkileri inceleyen çalışmalar, algılanan gruplararası farklılığın, kalıpyargı içeriği ve bazı başka kültürlerarası tutumları etkileyen önemli bir değişken olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada da, algılanan gruplararası farklılığın kalıpyargı içeriği üzerindeki rolü, üç etnik azınlığı (Çerkes, Kürt ve Ermeni) hedefleyen bir Türkiye örnekleminde sınanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, bu çalışmada incelenen etnik azınlıkların, algılanan gruplararası farklılık açısından birbirlerinden kesinlikle farklı algılandıklarını göstermiştir. Türk katılımcılar, üç etnik grubu kendilerinden ve birbirlerinden anlamlı seviyede farklı olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın sonuçları en benzer olarak derecelendirilen dış grup (Çerkesler) diğer dış gruplara kıyasla sıcaklık ve yeterlilik boyutlarında önemli ölçüde daha yüksek değerlendirildiği için, algılanan gruplararası farklılığın kalıpyargı içeriği üzerinde bir etkisi olduğu iddiasına destek sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Anderson, B. (1995). Hayali cemaatler. (İ. Savaşır, Çev.) Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (Eds.) (2007). Encyclopedia of social psychology. SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253
  • Bourhis, R. Y., & Dayan, J. (2004). Acculturation orientations towards Israeli Arabs and Jewish immigrants in Israel. International Journal of Psychology, 39(2), 118-131.
  • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444.
  • Cerulo, K. (1997). Identity Construction: New Issues, New Directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 10(23), 385-409. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.385
  • Esses, V. M., Dovidio, J. F., Jackson, L. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (2001). The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 389-412.
  • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878-902.
  • Hagendoorn, L. (1993). Ethnic categorization and outgroup exclusion: Cultural values and social stereotypes in the construction of ethnic hierarchies. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 16(1), 26-51.
  • Haslam, A. S. (2001). Psychology in organizations - The social identity approach. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Lee, T. L., & Fiske S. T. (2006). Not an outgroup, not yet an ingroup: Immigrants in the stereotype content model. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 751-768.
  • Piontkowski, U., Rohmann, A., & Florack, A. (2002). Concordance of acculturation attitudes and perceived threat. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 5, 221- 232.
  • Robinson, W. P. (Eds.). (1996). Social Groups and Identities. Developing The Legacy of Henri Tajfel. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223(5): 96–102. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin; S. Worchel (eds.). The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 33–47.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel; W. G. Austin (eds.). Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall. pp. 7–24.
  • Van Osch, Y. M. J., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2011). Perceived intergroup differences as an organizing principle of intercultural attitudes and acculturation attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, doi:10.1177/0022022111407688.
  • Verkuyten, M. (2005). Ethnic group identification and group evaluation among minority and majority groups: Testing the multiculturalism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 121-138.
  • Verkuyten, M., Hagendoorn, L., & Masson, K. (1996). The ethnic hierarchy among majority and minority youth in the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1104-118.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Büşra Alparslan 0000-0002-1994-4824

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alparslan, B. (2022). Role of Perceived Intergroup Difference on Stereotype Content. Aurum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 183-195.