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The Effects of Russia’s Great Power Eminence and Sovereign State Perception on the Balkans

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 63 - 78, 28.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.958578

Öz

At the end of the 20th century, all states over the world faced crucial changes and transformations in the perspective of the perception of sovereign state position and great power eminence. The position of sovereignty for a state means the struggle for its citizens’ rights, economic welfares and its fair governance. But, in spite of these changes and transformations, Russian leaders and policymakers have tried to maintain Russia’s position as a sovereign state and great power in the international system in the mind of the 19th century’s absolutist approach. Concurrently, these attitudes and behaviours of the leaders and policymakers have comprised a basis for Russia-the West conflict including China as a third party today. Russia puts forward absolutist regimes as its preference in the perception of its 21st century’s sovereign state and great power with its foreign policy applications and discourses. In this context, the aim of the article is to analyse Russia’s foreign and security policies in the Balkans by underlining its assertive great power and absolutist regime approaches.

Kaynakça

  • Antonenko, O. (2007). Russia and The Deadlock over Kosovo. Ifri Russia/NIS Center. Retrieved from https://www.ifri.org/sites /default/files/atoms/files /ifri_kosovo _antonenko_ang_ july2007.pdf.
  • Aridici, N. (2014). How Vladimir Putin has changed the meaning of ‘Russian’. The Conversation, 9 April. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/how-vladimir-putin-has-changed-the-meaning-of-russian-24928.
  • Aris, B. & Tkachev, I. (2019). Long Read: 20 Years of Russia's Economy Under Putin, in Numbers. The Moscow Times, 19 August. Retrieved from https://www. themoscowtimes.com/2019 /08/ 19/long-read-russias-economy-under-putin-in-numbers-a66924.
  • Arms Control Association, Russia’s National Security Concept. Retrieved from https://www.armscontrol. org/act/2000-01/features/russias-national-security-concept.
  • Baranovsky, V. (2008). The Kosovo factor in Russia’s foreign policy. Italian Journal of International Affairs, 35(2), 113-130.
  • Barham-Marsh, B. (2018). Russia’s privatised military: a move away from Statism?. Global Risk Insght, 22 March. Retrieved from https://globalriskinsights.com/2018/03/russias-privatised-military-move-away-statism/.
  • Brudenell, A. M. (2008). Russia’s Role in the Kosovo Conflict of 1999. The RUSI Journal, 153(1), 30-34.
  • Crabtree, L. (2000). National Security and Foreign Policy Under Putin. Wilson Center. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/national-security-and-foreign-policy-under-putin.
  • El-Doufani, M. M. (1999). Yeltsin’s Foreign Policy - A Third-World Critique. The World Today, 49(6), 105-108.
  • Gallagher, S. E. (2020). Assessing Russia’s Pursuit of Great Power. Real Clear Defence, 2 June. Retrieved from https://www.realcleardefense .com / articles/ 2020 /06/ 02/ assessing_russias _pursuit_of_ great_power_115341.html.
  • Gurganus, J. & Rumer, E. (2019). Russia’s Global Ambitions in Perspective. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 20 February. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/ 2019/02/20/russia-s-global-ambitions-in-perspective-pub-78067.
  • Hill, F. (2016). Putin and the Kremlin are experts at reading the popular mood. And they were watching America. Brookings, 11 November. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/ blog/order-from-chaos/2016/11/11/putin-and-the-kremlin-are-experts-at-reading-the popular-mood-and-they-were-watching-america/.
  • Hill, F. & Gaddy, C. G. (2013). Mr. Putin Operative in the Kremlin. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press.
  • Kasymov, S. (2012). Statism in Russia: The implications for US–Russian relations. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 3, 58-68.
  • Krickovic, A. & Weber, Y. (2018). What can Russia teach us about change? Status-seeking as a catalyst for transformation in international politics. International Studies Review, 20(2), 292-300.
  • Larrabee, F. S. & Karasik, T. W. (1997). Foreign and Security Policy Decisionmaking Under Yeltsin. RAND, Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports /MR831 . html.
  • Laruelle, M. (2017). Kremlin’s ideological ecosystems: equilibrium and competition. PONARS policy memos, 14 November. Retrieved from https://www.ponarseurasia.org/new-policy-memo-the-kremlin-s-ideological-ecosystems-equilibrium-and-competition-m-laruelle/.
  • Levitin, O. (2010). Inside Moscow’s Kosovo muddle. Global Politics and Strategy, 42(1), 130-140.
  • Lukyanov, F. (2014). What the World Needs is ‘19th Century Behavior. Russia in Global Affairs, 22 March. Retrieved from http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/redcol/What-the-world-needs-is-19th-century-behavior-16513.
  • Makarychev, A. (2018). Europe in crisis: ‘‘old,’’ ‘‘new,’’ or incomplete?. PONARS policy memos, 9 March. Retrieved from https://www.ponarseurasia.org/europe-in-crisis-old-new-or-incomplete/.
  • Mcfaul, M. (1999). What are Russian foreign policy objectives?. Carniege, 1 May. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/1999/05/01/what-are-russian-foreign-policy-objectives-pub-424.
  • Muhasilović, J. (2020). Rival Power: Russia’s Influence in Southeast Europe. Book Review, Dimitar Bechev, Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, 3(5), 195-206.
  • Neumann, I. B. (2008). Russia as a great power, 1815–2007. Journal of International Relations and Development, 11, 128-151.
  • Pirani, S. (2018). The Decline and Fall of the Russia–Ukraine Gas Trade. Russian Analytical Digest, No.221, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch /bitstream / handle/20.500.11850/269440/RAD221.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y.
  • Popova, L., Jabalameli, F. & Rasoulinezhad, E. (2017). Oil Price Shocks and Russia’s Economic Growth: The Impacts and Policies for Overcoming Them. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 1(1), 1-31.
  • Pynnöniemi, K. (2018). Russia’s National Security Strategy: Analysis of Conceptual Evolution. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 31(2), 240-256.
  • Rasoulinezhad, E. (2016). Investigation of sanctions and oil price effects on the Iran-Russia trade by using the gravity model. Vestnik St Petersburg University, 5(2), 68-84.
  • RIAC (Russian International Affairs Council). Retrieved from https://russiancouncil.ru/en/ russia-balkans#1.
  • Stronski, P. & Himes, A. (2019). Russia’s Game in the Balkans.’’ Carneige, 06 February. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/02/06/russia-s-game-in-balkans-pub-78235.
  • Trenin, D. (2019). 20 Years of Vladimir Putin: How Russian Foreign Policy Has Changed. Carneige, 28 August. Retrieved from https://carnegie.ru/2019/08/28/20-years-of-vladimir-putin-how-russian-foreign-policy-has-changed-pub-79742.
  • Willerton, J. P., Beznosov, M. & Carrier, M. (2005). Addressing the challanges of Russia’s ‘failing state’: the legacy of Gorbachev and the promise of Putin. Demokratisatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 13(2), 219-239.

Rusya’nın Büyük Güç ve Egemen Devlet Algısının Balkanlar Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 63 - 78, 28.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.958578

Öz

Devletler, 20. yüzyılın sonlarında uluslararası sistemde egemen devlet ve büyük güç algısı açısından önemli değişim ve dönüşüm yaşamışlardır. Devlet için egemenlik durumu vatandaşların haklarının korunması, ekonomik refahlarının arttırılması ve kendisinin adil yönetimi anlamını taşımaktadır. Ancak söz konusu değişim ve dönüşüme rağmen Rus liderler ve karar alıcılar, Rusya’nın egemen devlet pozisyonunu ve büyük güç algısını uluslararası sistemde 19. yüzyılın mutlakiyetçi yaklaşımı ile korumaya çalışmaktadırlar. Rus liderlerin ve karar alıcıların bu davranışları ve tutumları aynı zamanda Çin’in de üçüncü taraf olarak yer aldığı Rusya-Batı çatışmasına temel oluşturmaktadır. Rusya, 21. yüzyıl egemen devlet ve büyük güç algısında mutlakiyetçi anlayışı tercih ettiğini dış politika söylemleri ve uygulamaları ile ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Rusya’nın Balkanlara yönelik dış ve güvenlik politikalarını egemen devlet ve büyük güç algısı çerçevesinde analiz etmektir.

Kaynakça

  • Antonenko, O. (2007). Russia and The Deadlock over Kosovo. Ifri Russia/NIS Center. Retrieved from https://www.ifri.org/sites /default/files/atoms/files /ifri_kosovo _antonenko_ang_ july2007.pdf.
  • Aridici, N. (2014). How Vladimir Putin has changed the meaning of ‘Russian’. The Conversation, 9 April. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/how-vladimir-putin-has-changed-the-meaning-of-russian-24928.
  • Aris, B. & Tkachev, I. (2019). Long Read: 20 Years of Russia's Economy Under Putin, in Numbers. The Moscow Times, 19 August. Retrieved from https://www. themoscowtimes.com/2019 /08/ 19/long-read-russias-economy-under-putin-in-numbers-a66924.
  • Arms Control Association, Russia’s National Security Concept. Retrieved from https://www.armscontrol. org/act/2000-01/features/russias-national-security-concept.
  • Baranovsky, V. (2008). The Kosovo factor in Russia’s foreign policy. Italian Journal of International Affairs, 35(2), 113-130.
  • Barham-Marsh, B. (2018). Russia’s privatised military: a move away from Statism?. Global Risk Insght, 22 March. Retrieved from https://globalriskinsights.com/2018/03/russias-privatised-military-move-away-statism/.
  • Brudenell, A. M. (2008). Russia’s Role in the Kosovo Conflict of 1999. The RUSI Journal, 153(1), 30-34.
  • Crabtree, L. (2000). National Security and Foreign Policy Under Putin. Wilson Center. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/national-security-and-foreign-policy-under-putin.
  • El-Doufani, M. M. (1999). Yeltsin’s Foreign Policy - A Third-World Critique. The World Today, 49(6), 105-108.
  • Gallagher, S. E. (2020). Assessing Russia’s Pursuit of Great Power. Real Clear Defence, 2 June. Retrieved from https://www.realcleardefense .com / articles/ 2020 /06/ 02/ assessing_russias _pursuit_of_ great_power_115341.html.
  • Gurganus, J. & Rumer, E. (2019). Russia’s Global Ambitions in Perspective. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 20 February. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/ 2019/02/20/russia-s-global-ambitions-in-perspective-pub-78067.
  • Hill, F. (2016). Putin and the Kremlin are experts at reading the popular mood. And they were watching America. Brookings, 11 November. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/ blog/order-from-chaos/2016/11/11/putin-and-the-kremlin-are-experts-at-reading-the popular-mood-and-they-were-watching-america/.
  • Hill, F. & Gaddy, C. G. (2013). Mr. Putin Operative in the Kremlin. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press.
  • Kasymov, S. (2012). Statism in Russia: The implications for US–Russian relations. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 3, 58-68.
  • Krickovic, A. & Weber, Y. (2018). What can Russia teach us about change? Status-seeking as a catalyst for transformation in international politics. International Studies Review, 20(2), 292-300.
  • Larrabee, F. S. & Karasik, T. W. (1997). Foreign and Security Policy Decisionmaking Under Yeltsin. RAND, Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports /MR831 . html.
  • Laruelle, M. (2017). Kremlin’s ideological ecosystems: equilibrium and competition. PONARS policy memos, 14 November. Retrieved from https://www.ponarseurasia.org/new-policy-memo-the-kremlin-s-ideological-ecosystems-equilibrium-and-competition-m-laruelle/.
  • Levitin, O. (2010). Inside Moscow’s Kosovo muddle. Global Politics and Strategy, 42(1), 130-140.
  • Lukyanov, F. (2014). What the World Needs is ‘19th Century Behavior. Russia in Global Affairs, 22 March. Retrieved from http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/redcol/What-the-world-needs-is-19th-century-behavior-16513.
  • Makarychev, A. (2018). Europe in crisis: ‘‘old,’’ ‘‘new,’’ or incomplete?. PONARS policy memos, 9 March. Retrieved from https://www.ponarseurasia.org/europe-in-crisis-old-new-or-incomplete/.
  • Mcfaul, M. (1999). What are Russian foreign policy objectives?. Carniege, 1 May. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/1999/05/01/what-are-russian-foreign-policy-objectives-pub-424.
  • Muhasilović, J. (2020). Rival Power: Russia’s Influence in Southeast Europe. Book Review, Dimitar Bechev, Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, 3(5), 195-206.
  • Neumann, I. B. (2008). Russia as a great power, 1815–2007. Journal of International Relations and Development, 11, 128-151.
  • Pirani, S. (2018). The Decline and Fall of the Russia–Ukraine Gas Trade. Russian Analytical Digest, No.221, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch /bitstream / handle/20.500.11850/269440/RAD221.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y.
  • Popova, L., Jabalameli, F. & Rasoulinezhad, E. (2017). Oil Price Shocks and Russia’s Economic Growth: The Impacts and Policies for Overcoming Them. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 1(1), 1-31.
  • Pynnöniemi, K. (2018). Russia’s National Security Strategy: Analysis of Conceptual Evolution. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 31(2), 240-256.
  • Rasoulinezhad, E. (2016). Investigation of sanctions and oil price effects on the Iran-Russia trade by using the gravity model. Vestnik St Petersburg University, 5(2), 68-84.
  • RIAC (Russian International Affairs Council). Retrieved from https://russiancouncil.ru/en/ russia-balkans#1.
  • Stronski, P. & Himes, A. (2019). Russia’s Game in the Balkans.’’ Carneige, 06 February. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/02/06/russia-s-game-in-balkans-pub-78235.
  • Trenin, D. (2019). 20 Years of Vladimir Putin: How Russian Foreign Policy Has Changed. Carneige, 28 August. Retrieved from https://carnegie.ru/2019/08/28/20-years-of-vladimir-putin-how-russian-foreign-policy-has-changed-pub-79742.
  • Willerton, J. P., Beznosov, M. & Carrier, M. (2005). Addressing the challanges of Russia’s ‘failing state’: the legacy of Gorbachev and the promise of Putin. Demokratisatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 13(2), 219-239.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yorulmaz 0000-0002-3664-0451

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yorulmaz, M. (2021). The Effects of Russia’s Great Power Eminence and Sovereign State Perception on the Balkans. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(4), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.958578