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The Effects of Social Media Usage Motivations on Sharing Fake News: University Youth Research in Konya

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 749 - 775, 30.07.2023

Şükrü Balcı Sinem Yeles Karaman

https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189483

Öz

In the last decade, social media has started to become the most popular means of sharing and obtaining news due to its practicality, easy access, rapid spread and low cost. Social media is also a medium that facilitates the spread of fake news. This wide spread of information not only disrupts the structure of the news ecosystem, but also negatively affects the society. Now people have difficulties in distinguishing between what is wrong and what is right. In this field study, which was conducted on a sample of 386 university students, the effects of social media usage motivations on fake news sharing were examined. As a result of the research, first of all, the participants spent three hours a day in front of social media; It was determined that they turned to these tools in line with their motivations for altruism, sharing information, seeking information, socialization, and spending time in entertainment. While the motivations of sharing information, seeking information and spending time have a positive and significant effect on news sharing in social media; It has been revealed that altruism and socialization motivation negatively affects fake news sharing. Contrary to expectations, no significant effect of entertainment motivation on fake news sharing was detected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Media Motivation Fake News Influence University Student.

Kaynakça

  • Adnan, M., Nawaz, M., Mahmood, R., & Khan, M. (2022). Predictors of Fake News Sharing on Social Media during COVID-19 in South Asia: Evidence from Pakistan. A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 36(1), 153-164.
  • Akyüz, S. S., Kazaz, M., & Gülnar, B. (2021). İletişim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sahte/Yalan Haberlerle İlgili Görüşlerine Yönelik Betimleyici Bir Çalışma. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi, 14(1), 216-239. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.778359
  • Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
  • Alutaybi, A., Al-Thani, D., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2020). Combating fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media: The fomo-r method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6128. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph17176128.
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021a). Fake news and COVID-19: modelling the predictors of fake news sharing among social media users. Telematics and Informatics, 56, 101475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101475
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021b). Social media affordances and information abundance: Enabling fake news sharing during the COVID-19 health crisis. Health Informatics Journal, 27(3), 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582211021470
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021c). User motivation in fake news sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an application of the uses and gratification theory. Online Information Review, 45(1), 220-239, https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0116
  • Balakrishnan, V., Gan, C. L. J. T., & Informatics. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 808-821, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.12.004
  • Balakrishnan, V., Ng, K. S., & Rahim, H. A. (2021). To share or not to share – The underlying motives of sharing fake news amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Technology in Society, 66, 101676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101676
  • Büyükbayraktar, C. G. (2020). Predictive Relationships among Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing out and Interaction Anxiousness. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(2), 1-16, http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no2a1
  • Chadwick, A., & Vaccari, C. (2019). News sharing on UK social media: Misinformation, disinformation, and correction. Loughborough University. Report. https://hdl.handle.net/2134/37720
  • Chen, X., Sin, S.-C. J., Theng, Y.-L., & Lee, C. S. J. T. j. o. a. l. (2015). Why students share misinformation on social media: Motivation, gender, and study-level differences. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 41(5), 583-592, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2015.07.003
  • Choi, J. (2016). Why do people use news differently on SNSs? An investigation of the role of motivations, media repertoires, and technology cluster on citizens' news-related activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 249-256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.006
  • Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 491-516, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139
  • Dang, H. L. (2021). Social media, fake news, and the COVID-19 pandemic: Sketching the case of Southeast Asia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 14(1), 37-58, https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0054
  • Dehon, C., Weems, C. F., Stickle, T. R., Costa, N. M., & Berman, S. L. (2005). A cross-sectional evaluation of the factorial invariance of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents and young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(6), 799-810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.008
  • Demirgüneş, B. K., & Avcılar, M. Y. (2016). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanım Motivasyonları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Tespiti. Journal of Management, Marketing and Logistics, 3(3), 251-271, https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016321982
  • Dinç, M. A., & Dinçer, Z. (2019). Yeni Medyada Temsili Anlamlandırmak. Dördüncü Kuvvet, 2(1), 91-102.
  • Duffy, A., Tandoc, E., Ling, R. (2020). Too good to be true, too good not to share: the social utility of fake news. Information, Communication & Society, 23(13), 1965-1979, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1623904
  • Edson, T., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “fake news”. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137-153, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143
  • Feroz, A. S., Ali, N. A., Feroz, R., Akber, N., & Meghani, S. N. J. B. o. (2021). Exploring community perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. BMJ Open, 11(8), e048359, https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-048359
  • Ghaznavi, C., Eguchi, A., Tanoue, Y., Yoneoka, D., Kawashima, T., Suzuki, M., . . . Nomura, S. (2022). Pre- and post-COVID-19 all-cause mortality of Japanese citizens versus foreign residents living in Japan, 2015–2021. SSM - Population Health, 18, 101114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101114
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Sosyal Medya Kullanım Motivasyonlarının Yalan Haber Paylaşımı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Konya’daki Üniversite Gençliği Araştırması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 749 - 775, 30.07.2023

Şükrü Balcı Sinem Yeles Karaman

https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189483

Öz

Son on yılda sosyal medya, kullanım pratikliği, kolay erişim, hızlı yayılma ve düşük maliyeti nedeniyle haber paylaşımının ve haber elde etmenin giderek en popüler aracı haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Sosyal medya aynı zamanda yalan haberlerin, yayılmasını kolaylaştıran bir mecra konumundadır. Bu kapsamlı bilgi yayılımı, haber ekosisteminin yapısını bozduğu gibi, toplumu da olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Artık insanlar neyin yanlış neyin doğru olduğunu ayırt etmede zorluklar yaşayabilmektir. İşte üniversite öğrencilerinden seçilen 386 kişilik bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülen bu saha araştırmasında, sosyal medya kullanım motivasyonlarının yalan haber paylaşımı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öncelikle katılımcıların ortalama üç saati sosyal medya karşısında geçirdikleri; fedakârlık, bilgi paylaşma, bilgi arama, sosyalleşme, eğlence ve zaman geçirme motivasyonları doğrultusunda bu araçlara yöneldikleri belirlenmiştir. Bilgi paylaşma, bilgi arama ve zaman geçirme motivasyonları, sosyal medyada haber paylaşımı üzerinde pozitif anlamlı etkiye sahip olurken; fedakârlık ve sosyalleşme motivasyonunun yalan haber paylaşımını negatif yönde etkilediği ortaya konulmuştur. Beklentilerin aksine, Eğlence motivasyonunun, yalan haber paylaşımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Medya Motivasyon Yalan Haber Etki Üniversite Öğrencisi.

Kaynakça

  • Adnan, M., Nawaz, M., Mahmood, R., & Khan, M. (2022). Predictors of Fake News Sharing on Social Media during COVID-19 in South Asia: Evidence from Pakistan. A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 36(1), 153-164.
  • Akyüz, S. S., Kazaz, M., & Gülnar, B. (2021). İletişim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sahte/Yalan Haberlerle İlgili Görüşlerine Yönelik Betimleyici Bir Çalışma. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi, 14(1), 216-239. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.778359
  • Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
  • Alutaybi, A., Al-Thani, D., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2020). Combating fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media: The fomo-r method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6128. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph17176128.
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021a). Fake news and COVID-19: modelling the predictors of fake news sharing among social media users. Telematics and Informatics, 56, 101475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101475
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021b). Social media affordances and information abundance: Enabling fake news sharing during the COVID-19 health crisis. Health Informatics Journal, 27(3), 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582211021470
  • Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021c). User motivation in fake news sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an application of the uses and gratification theory. Online Information Review, 45(1), 220-239, https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0116
  • Balakrishnan, V., Gan, C. L. J. T., & Informatics. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 808-821, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.12.004
  • Balakrishnan, V., Ng, K. S., & Rahim, H. A. (2021). To share or not to share – The underlying motives of sharing fake news amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Technology in Society, 66, 101676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101676
  • Büyükbayraktar, C. G. (2020). Predictive Relationships among Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing out and Interaction Anxiousness. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(2), 1-16, http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no2a1
  • Chadwick, A., & Vaccari, C. (2019). News sharing on UK social media: Misinformation, disinformation, and correction. Loughborough University. Report. https://hdl.handle.net/2134/37720
  • Chen, X., Sin, S.-C. J., Theng, Y.-L., & Lee, C. S. J. T. j. o. a. l. (2015). Why students share misinformation on social media: Motivation, gender, and study-level differences. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 41(5), 583-592, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2015.07.003
  • Choi, J. (2016). Why do people use news differently on SNSs? An investigation of the role of motivations, media repertoires, and technology cluster on citizens' news-related activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 249-256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.006
  • Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 491-516, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139
  • Dang, H. L. (2021). Social media, fake news, and the COVID-19 pandemic: Sketching the case of Southeast Asia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 14(1), 37-58, https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0054
  • Dehon, C., Weems, C. F., Stickle, T. R., Costa, N. M., & Berman, S. L. (2005). A cross-sectional evaluation of the factorial invariance of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents and young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(6), 799-810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.008
  • Demirgüneş, B. K., & Avcılar, M. Y. (2016). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanım Motivasyonları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Tespiti. Journal of Management, Marketing and Logistics, 3(3), 251-271, https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016321982
  • Dinç, M. A., & Dinçer, Z. (2019). Yeni Medyada Temsili Anlamlandırmak. Dördüncü Kuvvet, 2(1), 91-102.
  • Duffy, A., Tandoc, E., Ling, R. (2020). Too good to be true, too good not to share: the social utility of fake news. Information, Communication & Society, 23(13), 1965-1979, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1623904
  • Edson, T., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “fake news”. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137-153, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143
  • Feroz, A. S., Ali, N. A., Feroz, R., Akber, N., & Meghani, S. N. J. B. o. (2021). Exploring community perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. BMJ Open, 11(8), e048359, https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-048359
  • Ghaznavi, C., Eguchi, A., Tanoue, Y., Yoneoka, D., Kawashima, T., Suzuki, M., . . . Nomura, S. (2022). Pre- and post-COVID-19 all-cause mortality of Japanese citizens versus foreign residents living in Japan, 2015–2021. SSM - Population Health, 18, 101114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101114
  • Ghaznavi, T., Bryk, M. A., Persaud, S. Y., & Newman, R. C. (2022). Alloying effects in high temperature molten salt corrosion. Corrosion Science, 197, 110003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.110003
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal on Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53‑60.
  • Intravia, J., Wolff, K. T., Paez, R., & Gibbs, B. R. J. C. i. H. B. (2017). Investigating the relationship between social media consumption and fear of crime: A partial analysis of mostly young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 158-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.047
  • Islam, A. N., Laato, S., Talukder, S., Sutinen, E. (2020). Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 159, 120201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201
  • Kazaz, M., & Akyüz, S. S. (2019). Sahte haber, Litareturk Yayınevi, Konya.
  • Khan, M. L., Idris, I. (2019). Recognise Misinformation And Verify Before Sharing: A Reasoned Action And Information Literacy Perspective. Behaviour and Information Technology, 38(1), 1194-1212, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1578828
  • Kılıç, D., & İspir, B. (2020). Sosyal Medyada Haber İçeriklerine Güven Ve Kullanici Motivasyonları. e-Kurgu Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 28(1), 269-288.
  • Kiraz, E. (2020). Sosyal Medyada Sahte Haberin Yayilmasinda Kullanici Faktörü. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 5(1), 9-24.
  • Kirschner, P. A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2010). Facebook® and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1237-1245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.024
  • Kutlu, A., & Doğan, E. (2020). Kesin bilgi, yayalım: hakikat sonrası çağda yalan haberlere ilişkin y kuşağının tutum ve davranışları. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, 83-101 https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.696515
  • Lee, C. S., & Ma, L. (2012). News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002
  • Li, H. O.-Y., Bailey, A., Huynh, D., & Chan, J. (2020). YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19: a pandemic of misinformation?. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002604, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002604
  • Uluk, M., (2018). Hakikat Sonrası Çağda Yeni Medya & Yalan Haber, Dorlion Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Olan, F., Jayawickrama, U., Arakpogun, E. O., Suklan, J., & Liu, S. (2022). Fake News On Social Media: The Impact On Society. Information Systems Frontiers, 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10242-z
  • Onursoy, S., Turan, E. A., Yeşilyurt, S., & Astam, F. K. (2020). Yalan Habere Karşı Tutum Ve Davranışlar: Üç Üniversite Örneğinde Durum Araştırması. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 34(3), 485-508, https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.759014
  • Pérez-Escoda, A., Pedrero-Esteban, L. M., Rubio-Romero, J., & Jiménez-Narros, C. J. P. (2021). Fake News Reaching Young People On Social Networks: Distrust Challenging Media Literacy. Publications, 9(2), 24, https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9020024
  • Pierri, F., & Ceri, S. (2019). False News On Social Media: A Data-Driven Survey. 48(2), 18-27, https://doi.org/10.1145/3377330.3377334
  • Plume, C. J., & Slade, E. L. (2018). Sharing of sponsored advertisements on social media: A uses and gratifications perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(3), 471-483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9821-8
  • Şener, N. K. (2018). “Doğruluk Kontrol Merkezi” ve “Yalan Haber” kavramlarina ilişkin içeriklerin medyada yansımasının araştırılması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (29. Özel Sayısı), 355-373, https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.454397
  • Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C., & Härter, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the autonomy‐preference‐index (API). Health Expectations, 13(3), 234-243, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00584.x
  • Simons, G., & Manoilo, A. (2021). The what, how and why of fake news: An overview. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 2, 35-55, https://doi.org/10.30547/worldofmedia.2.2021.2
  • Sine Nazlı, R., Kara, M. (2020). Yeni Medya Gazeteciliğinde Yalan Haberle Mücadele: Teyit.Org Örneği (S. Tiryaki, Ed.). Literatürk Yayınları.
  • Skarpa, P. E., & Garoufallou, E. (2021). Information Seeking Behavior And COVID-19 Pandemic: A Snapshot Of Young, Middle Aged And Senior Individuals In Greece. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 150, 104465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104465
  • Spiro, E. S., Fitzhugh, S., Sutton, J., Pierski, N., Greczek, M., & Butts, C. T. (2012). Rumoring During Extreme Events: A Case Study Of Deepwater Horizon 2010. Proceedings Of The 4th Annual ACM Web Science Conference, https://doi.org/10.1145/2380718.2380754
  • Talu, U. (2000). Dipsiz Medya. İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Zafar, N., Alrasheedy, M. (2019). Why Do People Share Fake News? Associations Between The Dark Side Of Social Media Use And Fake News Sharing Behavior. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 72-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.026
  • Tandoc, E. C., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “Fake News” A Typology Of Scholarly Definitions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137-153, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143
  • Thanh, N. N., Tung, P. H., Thu, N. H., Kien, P. D., Nguyet, N. A. (2021). Factors Affecting The Share Of Fake News About Covid-19 Outbreak On Social Networks In Vietnam. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 7(3), 179-195, https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2137179t
  • Thompson, N., Wang, X., & Daya, P. (2019). Determinants of news sharing behavior on social media. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 60(6), 593-601, https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2019.1566803
  • Yıldız, D. & Uzunsakal, E. (2018). Alan Araştirmalarinda Güvenilirlik Testlerinin Karşilaştirilmasi Ve Tarimsal Veriler Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 14-28.
  • Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder : Toward An Interdisciplinary Framework For Research And Policy Making Information Disorder Toward An Interdisciplinary Framework For Research And Policymaking. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-researc/168076277c, (Erişim: 10.10.2022)
  • Wasko, M. M., & Faraj, S. (2005). Why Should I Share? Examining Social Capital And Knowledge Contribution In Electronic Networks Of Practice. MIS Quarterly, 9(1), 35-57.
  • Yavich, R., Davidovitch, N., & Frenkel, Z. (2019). Social Media and Loneliness--Forever Connected?. Higher Education Studies, 9(2), 10-21.
  • Yaşar, İ. H., & Uğurhan, Y. Z. C. (2021). Sosyal medyada güven ve teyit: Sosyal medya kullanım sıklığı bağlamında bir inceleme. İNİF E- Dergi, 6(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.856506
  • Yerlikaya, T., & Aslan, S. T. (2020). Social Media and Fake News in the Post-Truth Era: The Manipulation of Politics in the Election Process. Insight Turkey, 22(2), 177-196, https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2020222.11
  • Zhao, D., & Rosson, M. B. (2009). How And Why People Twitter: The Role That Micro-Blogging Plays In Informal Communication At Work. Proceedings Of The ACM 2009 International Conference On Supporting Group Work, Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work, 243-252, https://doi.org/10.1145/1531674.1531710
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Türkçe Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şükrü Balcı 0000-0002-0477-0622

Sinem Yeles Karaman Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4127-6970

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Balcı, Ş., & Yeles Karaman, S. (2023). Sosyal Medya Kullanım Motivasyonlarının Yalan Haber Paylaşımı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Konya’daki Üniversite Gençliği Araştırması. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 10(2), 749-775. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189483
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