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Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 130 - 137, 30.06.2023

İbrahim Arkın Esra Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.57224/jhpr.1091033

Öz

Kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersiz eğitiminde (KAKE) güçlendirilmesi gereken bölgenin proksimaline uygulanan turnike ile bölgesel kan akımı kısıtlaması sağlanır. Kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizlerin kas kuvvetini arttırmadaki etkileri kanıtlanmıştır. Birçok çalışmada kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizlerin kırık rehabilitasyonunda faydalarının olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı radius distal kırıklarında kullanılmış kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizlerin etkinliğini incelemektir. Literatür derlemesi PubMed, Pedro ve Cochrane veri tabanlarında yapılmıştır. Derlemenin dahil edilme kriteri, radius distal uç kırıklarından mustarip hastaların alındığı randomize kontrollü çalışmalardır. Vücudun diğer bölümlerinde olan kırıklar ve diğer bölgelerinde uygulanan KAKE eğitimi dahil edilmemiştir. İlk kaynak taramasında 264 sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Dahil edilmeme kriterleri sonrasında 2 randomize kontrollü çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Kaynak taraması 1 Aralık 2021 ve 1 Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Dahil edilen 2 çalışmadan birinde opere radius kırığı tedaviye dahil edilirken, diğerinde ise non-opere kırık tedaviye dahil edilmiştir. Her iki çalışmada da gönüllüler 8 hafta KAKE eğitimine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmalarda kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizlerin el ve el bileğinin fonksiyonlarını arttırmada ve ağrıyı azaltmada pozitif etkilerinin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca omuz ve el fonksiyonelliğinde iyileşme görülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre kavrama ve çimdikleme kuvvetinde artış görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizler radius kırık rehabilitasyonunda güvenli, faydalı, hastalar tarafından uygulanabilen bir egzersiz çeşidi olarak belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Egzersiz kan akımı kısıtlamalı egzersizler kırık rehabilitasyonu radius kırığı

Kaynakça

  • Referans1: Kürklü M, Koca K, Ege T, Mahiroğulları M, Başbozkurt M. Radius distal uç kırıklarında güncel tedavi yaklaşımları. TOTBİD Dergisi 2021; 11(1), 41-48.
  • Referans2: Dursun M. Özşahin M. Altun G. Distal Radius kırıkları; Bölüm 2: Cerrahi Tıp Bilimlerinde Tanı ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 2. Basım. Erkinüresin T. & Akalın Y. (Ed) Lyon: Livre de Lyon; 2021. pp. 21-50.
  • Referans3: GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):e580-e592. doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00172-0
  • Referans4: Mauck BM, Swigler CW. Evidence-Based Review of Distal Radius Fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2018;49(2):211-222. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2017.12.001
  • Referans5: Reid SA, Andersen JM, Vicenzino B. Adding mobilisation with movement to exercise and advice hastens the improvement in range, pain and function after non-operative cast immobilisation for distal radius fracture: a multicentre, randomised trial. J Physiother. 2020;66(2):105-112. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.010
  • Referans6: Bergh C, Wennergren D, Möller M, Brisby H. Fracture incidence in adults in relation to age and gender: A study of 27,169 fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register in a well-defined catchment area. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0244291. Published 2020 Dec 21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244291
  • Referans7: Silman AJ. Risk factors for Colles' fracture in men and women: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study [published correction appears in Osteoporos Int. 2004 Nov;15(11):927]. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14(3):213-218. doi:10.1007/s00198-002-1364-1
  • Referans8: Shapiro LM, Kamal RN; Management of Distal Radius Fractures Work Group; Nonvoting Clinical Contributor; Nonvoting Oversight Chairs; Staff of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Distal Radius Fracture Clinical Practice Guidelines-Updates and Clinical Implications. J Hand Surg Am. 2021;46(9):807-811. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.07.014
  • Referans9: Holbrook HS, Doering TA, Mauck BM. Common Complications of Distal Radial Fractures. Vol. 52, Orthopedic Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2021. p. 241–50.
  • Referans10: Handoll HH, Elliott J. Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD003324. Published 2015 Sep 25. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003324.pub3
  • Referans11: Chung KC, Malay S, Shauver MJ. The Relationship between Hand Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes after Distal Radius Fracture in Older Adults: Evidence from the Randomized Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Aug 1;144(2):230E-237E.
  • Referans12: Lichtman DM, Bindra RR, Boyer MI, et al. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on: the treatment of distal radius fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(8):775-778. doi:10.2106/JBJS.938ebo
  • Referans13: Cancio JM, Sgromolo NM, Rhee PC. Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. J Wrist Surg. 2019 Aug;08(04):288–94
  • Referans14: American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687-708. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670
  • Referans15: Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms behind blood flow-restricted training and its effect toward muscle growth. Vol. 33, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association; 2019. p. S167–79.
  • Referans16: Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, et al. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019;99(8):1010-1019. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz062
  • Referans17: Tegtbur U, Haufe S, Busse MW. Anwendung und Effekte des „blood flow restriction training“[Application and effects of blood flow restriction training]. Unfallchirurg. 2020;123(3):170-175. doi:10.1007/s00113-020-00774-x
  • Referans18: Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(13):1003-1011. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071
  • Referans19: Sgromolo NM, Cancio JM, Rhee PC. Safety and Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Operative Management of Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Wrist Surg. 2020 Aug;09(04):345–52.
  • Referans20: Ochen Y, Peek J, van der Velde D, Beeres FJP, van Heijl M, Groenwold RHH, et al. Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Apr 23;3(4).
  • Referans21: Kilgore ML, Morrisey MA, Becker DJ, et al. Health care expenditures associated with skeletal fractures among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2005. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(12):2050-2055. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090523
  • Referans22: Moore CM, Leonardi-Bee J. The prevalence of pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius in a UK population: a cross sectional survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:129. Published 2008 Sep 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-129
  • Referans23: Dewan N, MacDermid JC, Packham T. Role of Self-Efficacy Based Model of Intervention: Learn Approach in Rehabilitation of Distal Radius Fracture. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 2014 Jul;17(3):428–9.
  • Referans24: Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, et al. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety [published correction appears in Front Physiol. 2019 Oct 22;10:1332]. Front Physiol. 2019;10:533. Published 2019 May 15. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
  • Referans25: Beekley, M. D., Sato, Y., & Abe, T. (2005). KAATSU-walk training increases serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in young men. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research, 1(2), 77–81. doi:10.3806/ijktr.1.77
  • Referans26: Kim, S., Sherk, V.D., Bemben, M.G., & Bemben, D.A. (2012). Effects of Short Term Low Intensity Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Bone Markers and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area in Young Men. International journal of exercise science, 5, 6.
  • Referans27: Loenneke JP, Young KC, Wilson JM, Andersen JC. Rehabilitation of an osteochondral fracture using blood flow restricted exercise: A case review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Jan;17(1):42–5.
  • Referans28: Karabulut M, Bemben DA, Sherk VD, Anderson MA, Abe T, Michael GB. Effects of high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on bone markers in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Aug;111(8):1659–67.
  • Referans29: Kelly PJ, Bronk JT. Venous pressure and bone formation. Microvasc Res. 1990;39(3):364-375. doi:10.1016/0026-2862(90)90049-w
  • Referans30: Zhang XZ, Xie WQ, Chen L, et al. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:894996. Published 2022 Jun 13. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.894996
  • Referans31: Minniti MC, Statkevich AP, Kelly RL, et al. The Safety of Blood Flow Restriction Training as a Therapeutic Intervention for Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(7):1773-1785. doi:10.1177/0363546519882652
  • Referans32: Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Uchida Y, et al. Effects of Low-Load, Elastic Band Resistance Training Combined With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Size and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(8):950-958. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu084
  • Referans33: Larsen P, Platzer OJ, Lollesgaard L, et al. Blood-flow restricted exercise following ankle fractures- A feasibility study. Foot Ankle Surg. 2022;28(6):726-731. doi:10.1016/j.fas.2021.08.010

Investigation of The Effects of Blood Flow Restricted Exercises on Radius Distal End Fractures

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 130 - 137, 30.06.2023

İbrahim Arkın Esra Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.57224/jhpr.1091033

Öz

There are studies which show the effectiveness of blood-flow restricted exercise (BFRE) to increase muscle strength. Although there are studies show BFRE in fracture rehabilitation, there is no guide on radius radius distal end fracture. The aim of our study was to investigate of the effects of blood flow restriction on radius distal end fractures. A literature overview was performed using Pedro, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. The main inclusion criteria for the papers were randomize controlled trials which included patients who has suffering distal radius end fracture. Any fracture of except radius fracture was not included. The initial search has shown that 212 randomise controlled articles has found. As a result, two article included. The research was performed from 1 December 2021 to 1 January 2022. One of studies was performed on radius fracture which had operated, and the other study was performed without surgery. BFRT was performed during 8 weeks for each search. The experimental studies were conducted blood flow restriction exercises had positive effect to decrease pain and to increase function of hand and wrist. On the other hand, functionalities of shoulder and hand increased for both studies. According to analyzes grip and pinching strenght increased. Consequently, blood flow restricted training has found to be able to have advantageous to treat radius distal end fracture rehabilitation, and it is tolerable for patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

exercise blood flow restriction training BFR therapy radius fracture

Kaynakça

  • Referans1: Kürklü M, Koca K, Ege T, Mahiroğulları M, Başbozkurt M. Radius distal uç kırıklarında güncel tedavi yaklaşımları. TOTBİD Dergisi 2021; 11(1), 41-48.
  • Referans2: Dursun M. Özşahin M. Altun G. Distal Radius kırıkları; Bölüm 2: Cerrahi Tıp Bilimlerinde Tanı ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 2. Basım. Erkinüresin T. & Akalın Y. (Ed) Lyon: Livre de Lyon; 2021. pp. 21-50.
  • Referans3: GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):e580-e592. doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00172-0
  • Referans4: Mauck BM, Swigler CW. Evidence-Based Review of Distal Radius Fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2018;49(2):211-222. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2017.12.001
  • Referans5: Reid SA, Andersen JM, Vicenzino B. Adding mobilisation with movement to exercise and advice hastens the improvement in range, pain and function after non-operative cast immobilisation for distal radius fracture: a multicentre, randomised trial. J Physiother. 2020;66(2):105-112. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.010
  • Referans6: Bergh C, Wennergren D, Möller M, Brisby H. Fracture incidence in adults in relation to age and gender: A study of 27,169 fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register in a well-defined catchment area. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0244291. Published 2020 Dec 21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244291
  • Referans7: Silman AJ. Risk factors for Colles' fracture in men and women: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study [published correction appears in Osteoporos Int. 2004 Nov;15(11):927]. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14(3):213-218. doi:10.1007/s00198-002-1364-1
  • Referans8: Shapiro LM, Kamal RN; Management of Distal Radius Fractures Work Group; Nonvoting Clinical Contributor; Nonvoting Oversight Chairs; Staff of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Distal Radius Fracture Clinical Practice Guidelines-Updates and Clinical Implications. J Hand Surg Am. 2021;46(9):807-811. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.07.014
  • Referans9: Holbrook HS, Doering TA, Mauck BM. Common Complications of Distal Radial Fractures. Vol. 52, Orthopedic Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2021. p. 241–50.
  • Referans10: Handoll HH, Elliott J. Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD003324. Published 2015 Sep 25. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003324.pub3
  • Referans11: Chung KC, Malay S, Shauver MJ. The Relationship between Hand Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes after Distal Radius Fracture in Older Adults: Evidence from the Randomized Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Aug 1;144(2):230E-237E.
  • Referans12: Lichtman DM, Bindra RR, Boyer MI, et al. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on: the treatment of distal radius fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(8):775-778. doi:10.2106/JBJS.938ebo
  • Referans13: Cancio JM, Sgromolo NM, Rhee PC. Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. J Wrist Surg. 2019 Aug;08(04):288–94
  • Referans14: American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687-708. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670
  • Referans15: Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms behind blood flow-restricted training and its effect toward muscle growth. Vol. 33, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association; 2019. p. S167–79.
  • Referans16: Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, et al. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019;99(8):1010-1019. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz062
  • Referans17: Tegtbur U, Haufe S, Busse MW. Anwendung und Effekte des „blood flow restriction training“[Application and effects of blood flow restriction training]. Unfallchirurg. 2020;123(3):170-175. doi:10.1007/s00113-020-00774-x
  • Referans18: Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(13):1003-1011. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071
  • Referans19: Sgromolo NM, Cancio JM, Rhee PC. Safety and Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Operative Management of Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Wrist Surg. 2020 Aug;09(04):345–52.
  • Referans20: Ochen Y, Peek J, van der Velde D, Beeres FJP, van Heijl M, Groenwold RHH, et al. Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Apr 23;3(4).
  • Referans21: Kilgore ML, Morrisey MA, Becker DJ, et al. Health care expenditures associated with skeletal fractures among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2005. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(12):2050-2055. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090523
  • Referans22: Moore CM, Leonardi-Bee J. The prevalence of pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius in a UK population: a cross sectional survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:129. Published 2008 Sep 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-129
  • Referans23: Dewan N, MacDermid JC, Packham T. Role of Self-Efficacy Based Model of Intervention: Learn Approach in Rehabilitation of Distal Radius Fracture. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 2014 Jul;17(3):428–9.
  • Referans24: Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, et al. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety [published correction appears in Front Physiol. 2019 Oct 22;10:1332]. Front Physiol. 2019;10:533. Published 2019 May 15. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
  • Referans25: Beekley, M. D., Sato, Y., & Abe, T. (2005). KAATSU-walk training increases serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in young men. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research, 1(2), 77–81. doi:10.3806/ijktr.1.77
  • Referans26: Kim, S., Sherk, V.D., Bemben, M.G., & Bemben, D.A. (2012). Effects of Short Term Low Intensity Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Bone Markers and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area in Young Men. International journal of exercise science, 5, 6.
  • Referans27: Loenneke JP, Young KC, Wilson JM, Andersen JC. Rehabilitation of an osteochondral fracture using blood flow restricted exercise: A case review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Jan;17(1):42–5.
  • Referans28: Karabulut M, Bemben DA, Sherk VD, Anderson MA, Abe T, Michael GB. Effects of high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on bone markers in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Aug;111(8):1659–67.
  • Referans29: Kelly PJ, Bronk JT. Venous pressure and bone formation. Microvasc Res. 1990;39(3):364-375. doi:10.1016/0026-2862(90)90049-w
  • Referans30: Zhang XZ, Xie WQ, Chen L, et al. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:894996. Published 2022 Jun 13. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.894996
  • Referans31: Minniti MC, Statkevich AP, Kelly RL, et al. The Safety of Blood Flow Restriction Training as a Therapeutic Intervention for Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(7):1773-1785. doi:10.1177/0363546519882652
  • Referans32: Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Uchida Y, et al. Effects of Low-Load, Elastic Band Resistance Training Combined With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Size and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(8):950-958. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu084
  • Referans33: Larsen P, Platzer OJ, Lollesgaard L, et al. Blood-flow restricted exercise following ankle fractures- A feasibility study. Foot Ankle Surg. 2022;28(6):726-731. doi:10.1016/j.fas.2021.08.010
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

İbrahim Arkın 0000-0003-1304-2309

Esra Pehlivan 0000-0002-1791-5392

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Arkın, İ., & Pehlivan, E. (2023). Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.57224/jhpr.1091033
AMA Arkın İ, Pehlivan E. Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık Pro Arş Dergisi. Haziran 2023;5(2):130-137. doi:10.57224/jhpr.1091033
Chicago Arkın, İbrahim, ve Esra Pehlivan. “Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi”. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 130-37. https://doi.org/10.57224/jhpr.1091033.
EndNote Arkın İ, Pehlivan E (01 Haziran 2023) Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi 5 2 130–137.
IEEE İ. Arkın ve E. Pehlivan, “Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi”, Sağlık Pro Arş Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 130–137, 2023, doi: 10.57224/jhpr.1091033.
ISNAD Arkın, İbrahim - Pehlivan, Esra. “Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi”. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi 5/2 (Haziran 2023), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.57224/jhpr.1091033.
JAMA Arkın İ, Pehlivan E. Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık Pro Arş Dergisi. 2023;5:130–137.
MLA Arkın, İbrahim ve Esra Pehlivan. “Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi”. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 130-7, doi:10.57224/jhpr.1091033.
Vancouver Arkın İ, Pehlivan E. Radius Distal Uç Kırıklarında Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Egzersizlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi. Sağlık Pro Arş Dergisi. 2023;5(2):130-7.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

SAĞLIK PROFESYONELLERİ ARAŞTIRMA DERGİSİ / JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS RESEARCH /J HEALTH PRO RES