Öz
Hegemonik erkeklik, toplum içerisinde genel bir ifadeyle eşit olmayan cinsiyet ilişkilerinin sürdürülmesini ifade etmektedir. Hegemonik erkekliğin özellikle medya araçları ile olan ilişkisi hem yapısal hem de üretilen ürünler aracılığıyla toplum içerisinde meşruiyet kazanmasına ve fikirlerin benimsetilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Hegemonik erkeklik kavramının düşünsel temellerinin atılmasıyla birlikte 1991 yılından itibaren hegemonik erkeklik ve medya arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma da “hegemonik erkeklik ve medya” ile ilgili yapılmış ve alanın önde gelen dergilerinde yayımlanmış araştırma makalelerinin bibliyometrik yöntemle incelenmesi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan 339 araştırma makalesi incelenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların bibliyometrik verileri VOSviewer programı aracılığıyla ağ haritaları görselleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, bu alanda en fazla yayına sahip ülkenin ABD olduğu, en fazla yayına sahip üniversitenin ise Witwatersrand Üniversitesi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hegemonik erkeklik ve medya arasındaki ilişkiyi en fazla (n=5) inceleyen araştırmacı Edward M. Kian olurken, bu alanda en fazla (n=30) makale yayımlayan derginin ise Men and Masculinities olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan çalışmalarda kullanılan ortak anahtar kelime analizine bakıldığında, hegemonik erkeklik ve medya çalışmalarında en az dijital şiddet ve uluslararası reklamcılık kavramları kullanılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hegemonya hegemonik erkeklik medya Web of Science Bibliyometrik analiz
Kaynakça
- Althusser, L. (2019). İdeoloji ve Devletin İdeolojik Aygıtları. (A. Tümertekin, Çev.) İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
- Anderson, E., & Kian, E. M. (2012). Examining media contestation of masculinity and head trauma in the national football league. Men and Masculinities, 15(2), 152-173.
- Ayhan, B., & Demir, Y. (2022). Systematic sexism: Women’s sports news in a circle of gatekeepers and users on Twitter. Communication & Sport, 1-23. doi:10.1177/21674795221147644
- Barry, B., & Martin, D. (2016). Fashionably fit: Young men’s dress decisions and appearance anxieties. Textile, 14(3), 326–347.
- Beasley, C. (2008). Rethinking hegemonic masculinity in a globalizing world. Men and Masculinities, 11(1), 86-103.
- Bulut, E., & Winter, Z. S. (2022). Contested masculinities and political imaginations in “New Turkey” and Çukur as authoritarian spaces of protection. New Perspectives on Turkey, 1-22. doi:10.1017/npt.2022.24.
- Burstyn, V. (1999). The Rites of Men: Manhood, Politics, and the Culture of Sport. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Carrigan, T., Connell, B., & Lee, J. (2015). Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. H. Brod (Ed.), The Making of Masculinities: The New Men's Studies (s. 63-100) içinde. New York: Routledge.
- Chavarro, D., Ràfols, I., & Tang, P. (2018). To what extent is inclusion in the web of science an indicator of journal ‘Quality’? Research Evaluation, 27(2), 106-118.
- Cheng, C. (1999). Marginalized masculinities and hegemonic masculinity: An introduction. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 7(3), 295-315.
- Chess, S., & Shaw, A. (2015). A conspiracy of fishes, or, how we learned to stop worrying about #GamerGate and embrace hegemonic masculinity. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(1), 208-220.
- Collier, R. (1998). Masculinities: Crime and Criminology. London: Sage.
- Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and Power. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
- Connell, R. W. (1993). The big picture: masculinities in recent world history. Theory and Society, 22(5), 597-623.
- Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Connell, R. W. (2000). The Men and The Boys. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Connell, R. W. (2001). Understanding men: Gender sociology and the new international research on masculinities. Social Thought & Research, 24(1/2), 13–31.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859.
- Cuklanz, L., & Erol, A. (2021). The shifting image of hegemonic masculinity in contemporary television series. International Journal of Communication, 15, 545-562.
- Demetriou, D. Z. (2001). Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity: A critique. Theory and Society, 30(3), 337-361.
- Demir, Y., & Ayhan, B. (2022). Being a female sports journalist on Twitter: Online harassment, sexualization, and hegemony. International Journal of Sport Communication, 15(3), 207-217.
- Donaldson, M. (1993). What is hegemonic masculinity? Theory and Society, 22(5), 643-657.
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296.
- Fisher, H. D. (2012). Don't Let the Girls Play: Gender Representation in Videogame Journalism and the Influence of Hegemonic Masculinity, Media Filters, and Message Mediation. Ohio: Ohio University.
- Ging, D. (2019). Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), 638–657.
- Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
- Gürkan, H., & Ege, Ö. (2023). Gendering Turkish action films in the post-2010 period: “Hey boy, protect me and don’t cry!". Studies in European Cinema, 20(1), 4-19.
- Haraldstad, A.-M. B., & Christophersen, E. (2015). Literature Searches and Reference Management. P. Laake, H. B. Benestad, & B. R. Olsen (Ed.), Research in Medical and Biological Sciences: From Planning and Preparation to Grant Application and Publication (s. 125-165) içinde. Cambridge: Academic Press.
- Hardin, M., Kuehn, K. M., Jones, H., Genovese, J., & Balaji, M. (2009). 'Have you got game?’ Hegemonic masculinity and neo-homophobia in U.S. newspaper sports columns. Communication, Culture & Critique, 2(2), 182–200.
- Hargreaves, J. (1982). Sport and Hegemony: Some theoretical problems. H. Cantelon, & R. Gruneau (Ed.), Sport, Culture, and the Modern State (s. 103-140) içinde. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Hobbs, J. D., Pattalung, P. N., & Chandler, R. C. (2011). Advertising Phuket's nightlife on the internet: A case study of double binds and hegemonic masculinity in sex tourism. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 26(1), 80-104.
- Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2012). Sexuality and the limits of agency among south african teenage women: Theorising femininities and their connections to HIV risk practices. Social Science & Medicine, 74(11), 1729–1737.
- Jewkes, R., Morrell, R., Hearn, J., Lundqvist, E., Blackbeard, D., Lindegger, G., Quayle, M., Sikweyiya Y. & Gottzén, L. (2015). Hegemonic masculinity: Combining theory and practice in gender interventions. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(2), 112-127.
- Kaya, Ş. (2019). Gender and violence: Rape as a spectacle on prime-time television. Social Science Information, 58(4), 681-700.
- MacKinnon, K. (2003). Representing Men: Maleness and Masculinity in the Media. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Messerschmidt, J. W. (2019). The salience of hegemonic masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 85-91.
- Park, M. K. (2015). Race, hegemonic masculinity, and the “Linpossible!” An analysis of media representations of Jeremy Lin. Communication & Sport, 3(4), 367-389.
- Qing, L., Chun, D., Ock, Y. S., Dagestani, A. A., & Ma, X. (2022). What myths about green technology innovation and financial performance’s relationship? A bibliometric analysis review. Economies, 10(92), 1-21.
- Ramlal, A., Ahmad, S., Kumar, L., Khan, F. N., & Chongtham, R. (2021). From Molecules to Patients: The Clinical Applications of Biological Databases and Electronic Health Records. K. Raza, & N. Dey (Ed.), Translational Bioinformatics in Healthcare and Medicine (s. 107-125) içinde. Cambridge: Academic Press.
- Ricciardelli, R., Clow, K. A., & White, P. (2010). Investigating hegemonic masculinity: Portrayals of masculinity in men’s lifestyle magazines. Sex Roles, 63, 64-78.
- Smith, T. (2005). Pumping irony: The construction of masculinity in a post-feminist advertising campaign. Advertising & Society Review, 6(3), Erişim adresi: https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/21/article/193866
- Thomas, K. D. (2013). Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity: Understanding representations of black and white manhood in print advertising. Advertising & Society Review, 14(2). Erişim adresi: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/513989
- Trott, V. A. (2022). ‘Gillette: The best a beta can get’: Networking hegemonic masculinity in the digital sphere. New Media & Society, 24(6), 1417-1434.
- Trujillo, N. (1991). Hegemonic masculinity on the mound: Media representations of Nolan Ryan and American sports culture. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 8(3), 290-308.
- Vavrus, M. D. (2002). Domesticating patriarchy: Hegemonic masculinity and television's "Mr. Mom". Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(3), 352-375.
- Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111, 1053-1070.
- White, C., Oliffe, J. L., & Bottorf, J. L. (2012). From the physician to the Marlboro Man: Masculinity, health, and cigarette advertising in America, 1946–1964. Men and Masculinities, 15(5), 526–547.
- Wörsching, M. (1999). Metaphors of hegemonic masculinity‐An analysis of sport and advertising in the German newsmagazine Der Spiegel. Journal of European Area Studies, 7(2), 177-195.
- Zhang, X., Estoque, R. C., Xie, H., Murayama, Y., & Ranagalage, M. (2019). Bibliometric analysis of highly cited articles on ecosystem services. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210707
Öz
Hegemonic masculinity, in general, refers to the maintenance of unequal gender relations in society. The relationship of hegemonic masculinity, especially with media tools, helps to gain legitimacy in society and to adopt ideas through both structural and produced products. With the establishment of the intellectual foundations of the concept of hegemonic masculinity, studies have begun to examine the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and the media since 1991. In this study, it is aimed to examine the research articles on "hegemonic masculinity and the media" and published in the leading journals of the field by bibliometric method. In the study, 339 research articles in the Web of Science database were examined. The bibliometric data of the examined studies were visualized through the VOSviewer program, as well as the network maps. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the country with the highest number of publications in this field is the USA, and the university with the highest number of publications is the University of the Witwatersrand. While the researcher who examined the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and the media the most (n=5) was Edward M. Kian, it was determined that the journal that published the most (n=30) articles in this field was Men and Masculinities. On the other hand, when looking at the common keyword analysis used in the studies, the concepts of digital violence and international advertising were used at least in hegemonic masculinity and media studies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hegemony hegemonic masculinity media Web of Science Bibliometric analysis
Kaynakça
- Althusser, L. (2019). İdeoloji ve Devletin İdeolojik Aygıtları. (A. Tümertekin, Çev.) İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
- Anderson, E., & Kian, E. M. (2012). Examining media contestation of masculinity and head trauma in the national football league. Men and Masculinities, 15(2), 152-173.
- Ayhan, B., & Demir, Y. (2022). Systematic sexism: Women’s sports news in a circle of gatekeepers and users on Twitter. Communication & Sport, 1-23. doi:10.1177/21674795221147644
- Barry, B., & Martin, D. (2016). Fashionably fit: Young men’s dress decisions and appearance anxieties. Textile, 14(3), 326–347.
- Beasley, C. (2008). Rethinking hegemonic masculinity in a globalizing world. Men and Masculinities, 11(1), 86-103.
- Bulut, E., & Winter, Z. S. (2022). Contested masculinities and political imaginations in “New Turkey” and Çukur as authoritarian spaces of protection. New Perspectives on Turkey, 1-22. doi:10.1017/npt.2022.24.
- Burstyn, V. (1999). The Rites of Men: Manhood, Politics, and the Culture of Sport. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Carrigan, T., Connell, B., & Lee, J. (2015). Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. H. Brod (Ed.), The Making of Masculinities: The New Men's Studies (s. 63-100) içinde. New York: Routledge.
- Chavarro, D., Ràfols, I., & Tang, P. (2018). To what extent is inclusion in the web of science an indicator of journal ‘Quality’? Research Evaluation, 27(2), 106-118.
- Cheng, C. (1999). Marginalized masculinities and hegemonic masculinity: An introduction. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 7(3), 295-315.
- Chess, S., & Shaw, A. (2015). A conspiracy of fishes, or, how we learned to stop worrying about #GamerGate and embrace hegemonic masculinity. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(1), 208-220.
- Collier, R. (1998). Masculinities: Crime and Criminology. London: Sage.
- Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and Power. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
- Connell, R. W. (1993). The big picture: masculinities in recent world history. Theory and Society, 22(5), 597-623.
- Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Connell, R. W. (2000). The Men and The Boys. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Connell, R. W. (2001). Understanding men: Gender sociology and the new international research on masculinities. Social Thought & Research, 24(1/2), 13–31.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859.
- Cuklanz, L., & Erol, A. (2021). The shifting image of hegemonic masculinity in contemporary television series. International Journal of Communication, 15, 545-562.
- Demetriou, D. Z. (2001). Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity: A critique. Theory and Society, 30(3), 337-361.
- Demir, Y., & Ayhan, B. (2022). Being a female sports journalist on Twitter: Online harassment, sexualization, and hegemony. International Journal of Sport Communication, 15(3), 207-217.
- Donaldson, M. (1993). What is hegemonic masculinity? Theory and Society, 22(5), 643-657.
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296.
- Fisher, H. D. (2012). Don't Let the Girls Play: Gender Representation in Videogame Journalism and the Influence of Hegemonic Masculinity, Media Filters, and Message Mediation. Ohio: Ohio University.
- Ging, D. (2019). Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), 638–657.
- Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
- Gürkan, H., & Ege, Ö. (2023). Gendering Turkish action films in the post-2010 period: “Hey boy, protect me and don’t cry!". Studies in European Cinema, 20(1), 4-19.
- Haraldstad, A.-M. B., & Christophersen, E. (2015). Literature Searches and Reference Management. P. Laake, H. B. Benestad, & B. R. Olsen (Ed.), Research in Medical and Biological Sciences: From Planning and Preparation to Grant Application and Publication (s. 125-165) içinde. Cambridge: Academic Press.
- Hardin, M., Kuehn, K. M., Jones, H., Genovese, J., & Balaji, M. (2009). 'Have you got game?’ Hegemonic masculinity and neo-homophobia in U.S. newspaper sports columns. Communication, Culture & Critique, 2(2), 182–200.
- Hargreaves, J. (1982). Sport and Hegemony: Some theoretical problems. H. Cantelon, & R. Gruneau (Ed.), Sport, Culture, and the Modern State (s. 103-140) içinde. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Hobbs, J. D., Pattalung, P. N., & Chandler, R. C. (2011). Advertising Phuket's nightlife on the internet: A case study of double binds and hegemonic masculinity in sex tourism. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 26(1), 80-104.
- Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2012). Sexuality and the limits of agency among south african teenage women: Theorising femininities and their connections to HIV risk practices. Social Science & Medicine, 74(11), 1729–1737.
- Jewkes, R., Morrell, R., Hearn, J., Lundqvist, E., Blackbeard, D., Lindegger, G., Quayle, M., Sikweyiya Y. & Gottzén, L. (2015). Hegemonic masculinity: Combining theory and practice in gender interventions. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(2), 112-127.
- Kaya, Ş. (2019). Gender and violence: Rape as a spectacle on prime-time television. Social Science Information, 58(4), 681-700.
- MacKinnon, K. (2003). Representing Men: Maleness and Masculinity in the Media. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Messerschmidt, J. W. (2019). The salience of hegemonic masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 85-91.
- Park, M. K. (2015). Race, hegemonic masculinity, and the “Linpossible!” An analysis of media representations of Jeremy Lin. Communication & Sport, 3(4), 367-389.
- Qing, L., Chun, D., Ock, Y. S., Dagestani, A. A., & Ma, X. (2022). What myths about green technology innovation and financial performance’s relationship? A bibliometric analysis review. Economies, 10(92), 1-21.
- Ramlal, A., Ahmad, S., Kumar, L., Khan, F. N., & Chongtham, R. (2021). From Molecules to Patients: The Clinical Applications of Biological Databases and Electronic Health Records. K. Raza, & N. Dey (Ed.), Translational Bioinformatics in Healthcare and Medicine (s. 107-125) içinde. Cambridge: Academic Press.
- Ricciardelli, R., Clow, K. A., & White, P. (2010). Investigating hegemonic masculinity: Portrayals of masculinity in men’s lifestyle magazines. Sex Roles, 63, 64-78.
- Smith, T. (2005). Pumping irony: The construction of masculinity in a post-feminist advertising campaign. Advertising & Society Review, 6(3), Erişim adresi: https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/21/article/193866
- Thomas, K. D. (2013). Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity: Understanding representations of black and white manhood in print advertising. Advertising & Society Review, 14(2). Erişim adresi: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/513989
- Trott, V. A. (2022). ‘Gillette: The best a beta can get’: Networking hegemonic masculinity in the digital sphere. New Media & Society, 24(6), 1417-1434.
- Trujillo, N. (1991). Hegemonic masculinity on the mound: Media representations of Nolan Ryan and American sports culture. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 8(3), 290-308.
- Vavrus, M. D. (2002). Domesticating patriarchy: Hegemonic masculinity and television's "Mr. Mom". Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(3), 352-375.
- Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111, 1053-1070.
- White, C., Oliffe, J. L., & Bottorf, J. L. (2012). From the physician to the Marlboro Man: Masculinity, health, and cigarette advertising in America, 1946–1964. Men and Masculinities, 15(5), 526–547.
- Wörsching, M. (1999). Metaphors of hegemonic masculinity‐An analysis of sport and advertising in the German newsmagazine Der Spiegel. Journal of European Area Studies, 7(2), 177-195.
- Zhang, X., Estoque, R. C., Xie, H., Murayama, Y., & Ranagalage, M. (2019). Bibliometric analysis of highly cited articles on ecosystem services. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210707
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 10 |
- Makale Dosyaları
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.