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Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak 'YouTube': 'Babala TV' 'Mevzular Açık Mikrofon' Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 12, 484 - 505, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230

Öz

Dijital çağın gelişimiyle birlikte internet, sosyal medya ağları ve diğer dijital araçlar siyasal iletişimi, katılım süreçlerini ve etkileşimi kökten değiştirmiştir. Bu kapsamda dijital siyaset, siyasi aktörlerin ve vatandaşların dijital teknolojileri kullanarak siyasi amaçlara ulaşmalarını ve siyasi süreçlere katılmalarını içermektedir. Dijital teknolojiler siyasi bilinci artırmaya, kamuoyu oluşturmaya, siyasi kampanyaları etkileşimli hale getirmeye ve siyasi katılımı artırmaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Özellikle internet ve sosyal medya ağları, siyasetçilerin yanı sıra siyasi partilerin ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin kitlelere ulaşmasını ve siyasi mesajlarını yaymasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, bireylerin siyasi konulardaki fikirlerini ifade etmelerini, farklı görüşleri tartışmalarını, kendileri gibi düşünen kişilerle topluluk oluşturmalarını ve toplumsal değişim taleplerini dile getirmelerini sağlamaktadır.
Bu araştırma, YouTube’da yer alan Babala Tv adlı kanaldaki Mevzular Açık Mikrofon programını, siyasetin dijitalleşmesi çerçevesinde incelemeyi ve literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. YouTube, geleneksel televizyon kanallarına bir alternatif konumunda çeşitli kanal ve programların yer aldığı ve etkileşim sunması özelliği ile dünya çapında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir video paylaşım platformudur. Bu kapsamda, araştırmada nitel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve toplamda 13 video ve 650 yoruma ilişkin veriler, MAXQDA yazılım programı ile kodlamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen verilere göre, yeni bir siyaset aracı ve etkileşim imkânı sunan Mevzular Açık Mikrofon programına ilişkin YouTube kullanıcıları tarafından yapılan yorumların, genellikle programa katılan konuklar ve programla ilgili olarak olumlu olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır. Ancak, programa katılan seyircilerle ve gazetecilerle ilgili olarak çoğunlukla eleştirilerin olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Programla ilgili videoların etkileşim oranları ve kullanıcı yorumları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ise, YouTube’un hem siyasi aktörler hem de vatandaşlar tarafından kabul gören bir dijital siyaset ve etkileşim aracı olmaya devam edeceği düşünülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Akdal, T. & Gezgin, S. (2018, 12-13 Ekim). Dijital siyaset ile siyasal katılımın değişen kimliği ve dili [Konferans Bildirisi]. Political communication in theory and practice: Non-Western approaches içinde (ss. 89-103). Aydın, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Alayya, J. (2022). Literature review on political communication practices in the digital age. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3), 23546-23552.
  • Bail, C.A., Argyle, L.P., Brown, T.W., Bumpus, J.P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M.F., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018), Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9216-9221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804840115
  • Boyd, D., Levy, K., & Marwick, A. (2014). The networked nature of algorithmic discrimination. S. P. Gangadharan, V. Eubanks, & S. Barocas (Der.), Data and discrimination: Collected essays içinde (ss. 43-57). Open Technology Institute.
  • Burgess J. & Green J. (2018). YouTube. Polity Press.
  • Casero-Ripollés, A., Feenstra, R. A., & Tormey, S. (2016). Old and new media logics in an electoral campaign: The case of Podemos and the two-way street mediatization of politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 378–397. https://doi:10.1177/1940161216645340
  • Casero-Ripollés A., (2020) Introduction. Political influencers in the digital public sphere. Communication & Society, 33(2), 171–173.
  • Chester, J., & Montgomery, K. C. (2017). The role of digital marketing in political campaigns. Internet Policy Review, 6(4), 1-20.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry research design choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications .
  • Cunningham, S., & Craig, D. (2017). Being “really real” on YouTube: Authenticity, community, and brand culture in social media entertainment. Media Inter-national Australia, 164(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1329878X17709098
  • Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22(2), 147-162.
  • De Jans, S., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2019). How an advertising disclosure alerts young ado‐ lescents to sponsored vlogs: The moderating role of a peer‐based advertising literacy intervention through an informational vlog. Journal of Advertising, 47(4), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367. 2018.1539363
  • Dommett, K. (2020). Introduction: Regulation and oversight of digital campaigning-Problems and solutions. The Political Quarterly, 91(4), 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12888
  • Dutton, W. H. (2020). A research agenda for digital politics. W. H. Dutton (Der.), Introduction to a research agenda for digital politics içinde (ss. 17-29). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Fenton, N. (2016). Digital, political, radical. Polity Press.
  • Finlayson, A. (2022). YouTube and political ideologies: Technology, populism and rhetorical form. Political Studies, 70(1), 62-80.
  • Fletcher, R., Cornia, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). How polarized are online and offline news audiences? A comparative analysis of twelve countries. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(2), 169-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219892768
  • Grusin, R. (2009). YouTube at the end of new media. P. Snickars & P. Vonderau (Der.), The YouTube reader içinde (ss. 60-67). National Library of Sweden.
  • Hou, M. (2019). Social media celebrity and the insti‐ tutionalization of YouTube. Convergence, 25(3), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517750 368
  • Korkut, Y. (2022). Siyasal iletişimde bir araç olarak YouTube kullanımı. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, (23), 30-35.
  • Kriesi, H. (2008). Political mobilisation, political participation and the power of the vote. West European Politics, 31(1-2), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380701834762
  • Kruikemeier, S. (2014). How political candidates use Twitter and the impact on votes. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.025
  • Lorenz-Spreen, P., Oswald, L., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2022). A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(1), 74-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01460-1
  • Motti, J. (2014, 12 Ağustos). Twitter acknowledges 23 million active users are actually bots. Tech Times. 22 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde http://www.techtimes.com/articles/12840/20140812/twitter-acknowledges-14-percent-users-bots-5-percent-spa m-bots.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Munzir, AA (2019). Various Roles of Social Media in the World of Politics in Indonesia. JPPUMA Journal of Governance and Socio-political Science, 7(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v7i2.2691
  • Owen, D. (2018). The past decade and future of political media: The ascendance of social media. Towards a new enlightenment? https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/BBVA-OpenMind-book-2019-Towards-a-New-Enlightenment-A-Trascendent-Decade.pdf
  • Maarek, P. J. (2014). Politics 2.0: New forms of digital political marketing and political communication. Trípodos, (34), 13-22.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research a guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Pantti, M. (2015), Grassroots humanitarianism on YouTube: Ordinary fundraisers, unlikely donors, and global solidarity. International Communication Gazette, 77(7), 622-636.
  • Rahyadi, I. (2019). Politic goes digital, so what? A review on internet politics. Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences Journal (BECOSS), 1(1), 11-18.
  • Sağlam, Y., & Kanadlı, S. (2021). Nitel veri analizinde kodlama. Pegem Akademi.
  • Scherr, S., Reinemann, C., & Jandura, O. (2015). Dynamic success on YouTube: A longitudinal analysis of click counts and contents of political candidate clips during the 2009 German national election. German Politics, 24(4), 491–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1024237
  • Setiawan, R., Muqsith, M. A., Avzalova, E., Sulthan, M.F., & Mladenov, S.V. (2021). Political communication through new media in local elections in Indonesia. Greetings: Islamic Journal of Social and Cultural Affairs, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i1.24424
  • Sevinç S.S. (2012). Pazarlama iletişiminde sosyal medya. Optimist Yayın ve Dağıtım
  • Strandberg, K. (2013). A social media revolution or just a case of history repeating itself? The use of social media in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary elections. New Media & Society, 15(8), 1329-1347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812470612
  • Vaccari, C., Chadwick, A., & O'Loughlin, B. (2015). Dual screening the political: Media events, social media, and citizen engagement. Journal of Communication, 65(6), 1041-1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12187
  • Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wolton, D. (1990). Political communication: The construction of a model. European Journal of Communication, 5(1), 9-28.
  • Woolley, S. C., & Howard, P. N. (2016). Political communication, computational propaganda, and autonomous agents. International Journal of Communication, 10(9), 4882-4890.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zeifman, I. (2015, 9 Aralık). 2015 bot traffic report: Humans take back the Web, bad bots not giving any ground. Incapsula. 22 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde https://www.incapsula.com/blog/bot-traffic-report-2015.html adresinden erişilmiştir.

'YouTube' as a Digital Political Tool: A Study on 'Babala TV' 'Mevzular Açık Mikrofon' Program

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 12, 484 - 505, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230

Öz

With the development of the digital age, the internet, social media networks, and other digital tools have fundamentally transformed political communication, participation processes, and interactions. Within this scope, digital politics encompasses the use of digital technologies by political actors and citizens to achieve political goals and engage in political processes. Digital technologies assist in increasing political awareness, shaping public opinion, making political campaigns interactive, and enhancing political participation. In particular, the internet and social media networks facilitate the reach of politicians, political parties, and civil society organizations to the masses, enabling them to disseminate political messages more easily. They also enable individuals to express their political opinions, engage in discussions on different perspectives, form communities with like-minded individuals, and voice demands for societal change.
This research aims to examine the Mevzular Açık Mikrofon program on the Babala TV channel on YouTube within the framework of the digitalization of politics and contribute to the literature. YouTube is a widely used video-sharing platform worldwide, serving as an alternative to traditional television channels, hosting various channels and programs, and offering interactive features. In this context, a qualitative content analysis method was employed in the study, and a total of 13 videos and 650 comments were subjected to coding using the MAXQDA software program. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that the comments made by YouTube users regarding the Mevzular Açık Mikrofon program, which presents a new political tool and interaction opportunity, are generally positive towards the participating guests and the program itself. However, criticisms predominantly arise concerning the audience and journalists participating in the program. Considering the interaction rates of the program’s videos and user comments, YouTube is believed to continue being a widely accepted digital political platform and interaction tool by both political actors and citizens.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Akdal, T. & Gezgin, S. (2018, 12-13 Ekim). Dijital siyaset ile siyasal katılımın değişen kimliği ve dili [Konferans Bildirisi]. Political communication in theory and practice: Non-Western approaches içinde (ss. 89-103). Aydın, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Alayya, J. (2022). Literature review on political communication practices in the digital age. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3), 23546-23552.
  • Bail, C.A., Argyle, L.P., Brown, T.W., Bumpus, J.P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M.F., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018), Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9216-9221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804840115
  • Boyd, D., Levy, K., & Marwick, A. (2014). The networked nature of algorithmic discrimination. S. P. Gangadharan, V. Eubanks, & S. Barocas (Der.), Data and discrimination: Collected essays içinde (ss. 43-57). Open Technology Institute.
  • Burgess J. & Green J. (2018). YouTube. Polity Press.
  • Casero-Ripollés, A., Feenstra, R. A., & Tormey, S. (2016). Old and new media logics in an electoral campaign: The case of Podemos and the two-way street mediatization of politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 378–397. https://doi:10.1177/1940161216645340
  • Casero-Ripollés A., (2020) Introduction. Political influencers in the digital public sphere. Communication & Society, 33(2), 171–173.
  • Chester, J., & Montgomery, K. C. (2017). The role of digital marketing in political campaigns. Internet Policy Review, 6(4), 1-20.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry research design choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications .
  • Cunningham, S., & Craig, D. (2017). Being “really real” on YouTube: Authenticity, community, and brand culture in social media entertainment. Media Inter-national Australia, 164(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1329878X17709098
  • Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22(2), 147-162.
  • De Jans, S., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2019). How an advertising disclosure alerts young ado‐ lescents to sponsored vlogs: The moderating role of a peer‐based advertising literacy intervention through an informational vlog. Journal of Advertising, 47(4), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367. 2018.1539363
  • Dommett, K. (2020). Introduction: Regulation and oversight of digital campaigning-Problems and solutions. The Political Quarterly, 91(4), 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12888
  • Dutton, W. H. (2020). A research agenda for digital politics. W. H. Dutton (Der.), Introduction to a research agenda for digital politics içinde (ss. 17-29). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Fenton, N. (2016). Digital, political, radical. Polity Press.
  • Finlayson, A. (2022). YouTube and political ideologies: Technology, populism and rhetorical form. Political Studies, 70(1), 62-80.
  • Fletcher, R., Cornia, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). How polarized are online and offline news audiences? A comparative analysis of twelve countries. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(2), 169-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219892768
  • Grusin, R. (2009). YouTube at the end of new media. P. Snickars & P. Vonderau (Der.), The YouTube reader içinde (ss. 60-67). National Library of Sweden.
  • Hou, M. (2019). Social media celebrity and the insti‐ tutionalization of YouTube. Convergence, 25(3), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517750 368
  • Korkut, Y. (2022). Siyasal iletişimde bir araç olarak YouTube kullanımı. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, (23), 30-35.
  • Kriesi, H. (2008). Political mobilisation, political participation and the power of the vote. West European Politics, 31(1-2), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380701834762
  • Kruikemeier, S. (2014). How political candidates use Twitter and the impact on votes. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.025
  • Lorenz-Spreen, P., Oswald, L., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2022). A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(1), 74-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01460-1
  • Motti, J. (2014, 12 Ağustos). Twitter acknowledges 23 million active users are actually bots. Tech Times. 22 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde http://www.techtimes.com/articles/12840/20140812/twitter-acknowledges-14-percent-users-bots-5-percent-spa m-bots.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Munzir, AA (2019). Various Roles of Social Media in the World of Politics in Indonesia. JPPUMA Journal of Governance and Socio-political Science, 7(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v7i2.2691
  • Owen, D. (2018). The past decade and future of political media: The ascendance of social media. Towards a new enlightenment? https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/BBVA-OpenMind-book-2019-Towards-a-New-Enlightenment-A-Trascendent-Decade.pdf
  • Maarek, P. J. (2014). Politics 2.0: New forms of digital political marketing and political communication. Trípodos, (34), 13-22.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research a guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Pantti, M. (2015), Grassroots humanitarianism on YouTube: Ordinary fundraisers, unlikely donors, and global solidarity. International Communication Gazette, 77(7), 622-636.
  • Rahyadi, I. (2019). Politic goes digital, so what? A review on internet politics. Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences Journal (BECOSS), 1(1), 11-18.
  • Sağlam, Y., & Kanadlı, S. (2021). Nitel veri analizinde kodlama. Pegem Akademi.
  • Scherr, S., Reinemann, C., & Jandura, O. (2015). Dynamic success on YouTube: A longitudinal analysis of click counts and contents of political candidate clips during the 2009 German national election. German Politics, 24(4), 491–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1024237
  • Setiawan, R., Muqsith, M. A., Avzalova, E., Sulthan, M.F., & Mladenov, S.V. (2021). Political communication through new media in local elections in Indonesia. Greetings: Islamic Journal of Social and Cultural Affairs, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i1.24424
  • Sevinç S.S. (2012). Pazarlama iletişiminde sosyal medya. Optimist Yayın ve Dağıtım
  • Strandberg, K. (2013). A social media revolution or just a case of history repeating itself? The use of social media in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary elections. New Media & Society, 15(8), 1329-1347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812470612
  • Vaccari, C., Chadwick, A., & O'Loughlin, B. (2015). Dual screening the political: Media events, social media, and citizen engagement. Journal of Communication, 65(6), 1041-1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12187
  • Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wolton, D. (1990). Political communication: The construction of a model. European Journal of Communication, 5(1), 9-28.
  • Woolley, S. C., & Howard, P. N. (2016). Political communication, computational propaganda, and autonomous agents. International Journal of Communication, 10(9), 4882-4890.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zeifman, I. (2015, 9 Aralık). 2015 bot traffic report: Humans take back the Web, bad bots not giving any ground. Incapsula. 22 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde https://www.incapsula.com/blog/bot-traffic-report-2015.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Medya Çalışmaları, Sosyal Medya Uygulamaları ve Analizi, Yeni Medya
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Burak İli 0000-0003-2816-101X

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA İli, B. (2023). Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Etkileşim(12), 484-505. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230
AMA İli B. Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Etkileşim. Ekim 2023;(12):484-505. doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230
Chicago İli, Burak. “Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”. Etkileşim, sy. 12 (Ekim 2023): 484-505. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230.
EndNote İli B (01 Ekim 2023) Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Etkileşim 12 484–505.
IEEE B. İli, “Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Etkileşim, sy. 12, ss. 484–505, Ekim 2023, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230.
ISNAD İli, Burak. “Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”. Etkileşim 12 (Ekim 2023), 484-505. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230.
JAMA İli B. Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Etkileşim. 2023;:484–505.
MLA İli, Burak. “Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”. Etkileşim, sy. 12, 2023, ss. 484-05, doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2023.6.12.230.
Vancouver İli B. Dijital Siyaset Aracı Olarak ’YouTube’: ’Babala TV’ ’Mevzular Açık Mikrofon’ Programına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Etkileşim. 2023(12):484-505.