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Europe’s Struggle With Disinformation: A Content Analysis of Misinformation Spread Ahead of The 2024 European Parliament Elections
Abstract
Throughout history, the desire to obtain power has evolved from traditional propaganda techniques to modern disinformation methods. The primary objective—whether in the past or today—has consistently been to influence the public, conduct perception management, and serve the interests of states, political groups, and corporations. Individuals caught in the chaos of information tend to develop emotional responses and reinforce their beliefs within echo chambers. Due to the new media order created by the digital revolution, discerning the truth has become increasingly difficult.
The transformation of the traditional media’s passive audience into active content producers and distributors through social media has emerged as a central factor in the rise of information disorder. Audiences, now referred to as “users,” have gained the ability to circulate unverified, incomplete, false, biased, and fabricated content as if it were news.
This study examines the Election24 website, which was specifically established for the 2024 European Parliament elections. Based on data obtained from fact-checking organizations and analyzed using content analysis methodology, the findings reveal that news volume peaked immediately before the election (in May), and the majority of these reports were identified as "false" or "fake." Among the countries analyzed, Spain ranked first in the production of fake news, followed by Poland, France, Germany, and Georgia. The misleading content primarily focused on themes such as “War and Security,” “National and Regional Issues,” “Climate and Energy,” and “EU Policies.” Among social media platforms, Facebook and X were found to be the most commonly used channels for disseminating false information.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
Journalism Studies
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
December 30, 2025
Submission Date
May 2, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 3, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 7 Number: 2